回流燃烧室流动特性试验

为了揭示有/无燃烧状态下燃烧室热态和冷态流场的特征和流动特性，针对某型回流燃烧室单头部试验件，使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV），测量燃烧室燃烧状态下不同截面处的热态流场，以及没有燃烧状态下不同截面处的冷态流场，探讨不同总压损失系数对回流燃烧室热态/冷态流场特征及流动特性的影响。研究表明:随着总压损失系数的增大，冷态条件下各截面流场结构基本保持不变，如射流孔穿透深度、射流角度、回流区位置及大小、流线等基本保持一致，但是各位置点速度大小逐渐增大。热态条件下各截面流场随着总压损失系数增大，流场结构也基本保持不变；相同总压损失系数时，热态流场与冷态流场存在差异，燃油喷射与气流的相对运动将会对燃烧室头部的流场结构造成影响，速度较冷态流动时略微增大。      

非预混条件下的旋转爆轰燃烧室双波头演化过程数值模拟

针对旋转爆轰燃烧室双波头演化过程中流场结构变化的问题,对非预混条件下的旋转爆轰燃烧室从起爆到形成稳定的双波头过程进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,从起爆到形成稳定爆轰过程,燃烧室主要经历了起爆、爆轰波对撞和稳定爆轰三个阶段；在爆轰波对撞阶段,首次对撞是两个爆轰波间的对撞,由于对撞点处缺少新鲜混合气,从而在对撞结束后衰减为两个压力波。第二次对撞是两个压力波间的对撞,因为在第二次对撞点附近存在新鲜混合气来支撑爆轰波的持续传播,故对撞结束后产生了一个爆轰波和一个较弱的压力波；第二次对撞发生后,燃烧室内的压力波反射叠加并形成局部高压区,此高压区压缩气体使气体温度升高,高温气体引燃混合气后,最终发展成为第二个爆轰波；稳定阶段,两个爆轰波均能稳定自持传播,爆轰波峰面压力可达1.45MPa,波后温度为2500K,爆轰波速度稳定在1738m/s,产生的推力与比冲分别为79.76N和2312.15s；斜激波的存在使燃烧室出口平面流场产生了较大波动。      

复合材料构件热压罐成型模具温度均匀性分析

热压罐固化中成型模具的温度分布对复合材料固化质量有显著影响,提高与构件直接接触的模具型面温度均匀性有利于改善内部温度梯度,减小固化变形,提高成型精度。本文以复合材料构件热压罐框架式成型模具为对象,应用有限元方法,分析模具温度的分布,研究模具支撑结构对型板表面温度均匀性的影响。研究表明,支撑板厚度越薄,温度均匀性越好,与进气风口平行方向的支撑板对温度均匀性的影响更为显著,因此可优先考虑增加与进气风口垂直方向支撑板厚度来增加模具刚度。在保持面积不变的前提下,改变散热孔的形状,发现菱形与圆形散热孔具有较强的抗变形能力,而方形散热孔使得型板表面温度分布更加均匀。通过控制散热孔的布局改变风道时,发现T型风道对于改善温度均匀性的效果最佳。     

喷雾器喷嘴出口喷流流场特性的实验研究

通过定性定量实验手段研究了以水为单介质流体的某农用喷雾器喷嘴出口流场。首先采用单反相机常规拍摄方法,记录了喷雾压力在50～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场,发现了随着喷雾压力增大,喷嘴出口射流的形状经历了形成液泡到液泡破裂的过程,以及射流发展及最终稳定过程。然后通过PIV测速技术对喷雾压力在1 000～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场进行了定量测量实验研究,获得了在纵向截面上,喷嘴出口速度随喷雾压力增大而增大,且在中心线上的速度随着离喷口距离的增加均呈现振荡衰减的变化规律。在同一位置横向截面上,随着喷雾压力的增加,旋流强度越强,流速越大;而在同一喷雾压力下,离喷嘴出口距离越近的横截面处旋流强度越大,流速也越大。本文实验研究结果验证了PIV测速技术可以用于水雾滴的速度场测量。     

高压高速电机通风与散热分析

针对YKS规格的高压高速电机单机容量高、局部温升大等特点,以1台YKS5602 3 000 kW规格的高压高速电机为例,依据电机实际尺寸,建立了电机端部绕组及定转子模型。采用有限元法对流体场与温度场进行了仿真,计算出电机运行时各个通风槽内冷却气体流动情况,并对电机整体进行流固耦合分析,得到高压电机端部绕组及定转子温度场分布。对仿真计算结果分析,并与样机试验数据比较,结果表明:流体场和温度场耦合的方法能够准确地了解YKS电机各个通风槽内的气体流动情况及电机内局部温升分布。     

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field was found in the Kumtag desert, 132 km south of Hami city in the Xinjiang province, China. It is an ellipse of 2.5 × 7.9 km, with a long axis extending along the northeast-southwest direction. The largest individual meteorite of the strewn field weighs about 10 kg; the smallest individual has a mass of only 27 g. In total, more than 100 individuals with a total mass of more than 180 kg were collected. The location and the distribution of the fragments suggest that the Kumtag meteoroid entered the atmosphere in the direction Northeast-Southwest. All meteorites collected in this strewn field are samples from the same unique meteorite shower. The Kumtag meteorite is an H5 ordinary chondrite with a shock stage S2, and a weathering grade W2. The cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag is 6.7 ± 0.8 Ma, which is rather typical for H chondrites and which indicates that Kumtag was derived from the massive impact event on its parent body ~7 Ma ago. A significant amount of He has been lost during certain unknown processe(s) before the Kumtag meteorite was ejected from its parent body.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Development process of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a gun-launched missile from the muzzle of a cannon to the free-flight stage have been performed in this paper. The dynamic overlapped grids approach are applied to dealing with the problems of a moving gun-launched missile. The high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and the detailed reaction kinetics model are adopted to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for dynamic grids. The development process and flow field structure of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile are discussed in detail.This present numerical study confirms that complicated transient phenomena exist in the shortly launching stages when the gun-launched missile moves from the muzzle of a cannon to the freeflight stage. The propellant gas flows, the initial environmental ambient air flows and the moving missile mutually couple and interact. A complete structure of flow field is formed at the launching stages, including the blast wave, base shock, reflected shock, incident shock, shear layer, primary vortex ring and triple point.     

某3级风扇试验流场诊断及性能优化

压气机试验是检验压气机设计是否达标的重要过程,并可在原设计基础上进行优化来发掘设计的潜能。利用级间总压和壁面静压在某3级风扇第1阶段试验对级间流场进行了详细测量和级性能诊断,提出了静叶角度优化方案;通过第2阶段试验,得出了角度优化后使设计转速喘振裕度提高了7.5个百分点,达到了设计指标的结论。流场诊断技术在压气机试验中起到了关键作用。结果表明:壁面静压结合级间径向总压测量方法基本能够满足在压气机试验中性能优化的需要。     

基于辛几何构作一类新的带仲裁的认证码

具有仲裁的认证码既要防止敌手的欺骗,又要防止收方和发方的互相欺骗。利用有限域上辛几何构造了一类具有仲裁的认证码,计算了其容量参数。假设编码规则是按照均匀概率分布选择,给出了敌手模仿攻击、敌手替换攻击、发方模仿攻击、收方模仿攻击和收方替换攻击的成功概率。研究结论表明可用辛几何构作许多带仲裁的认证码。